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Judith Lewis Herman (born 1942) is a psychiatrist, researcher, teacher, and author who has focused on the understanding and treatment of incest and traumatic stress. Herman is Professor of clinical psychiatry at Harvard University Medical School and Director of Training at the Victims of Violence Program in the Department of Psychiatry at the Cambridge Health Alliance in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and a founding member of the (Women’s Mental Health Collective ). She was the recipient of the 1996 Lifetime Achievement Award from the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies and the 2000 Woman in Science Award from the American Medical Women's Association. In 2003 she was named a Distinguished Fellow of the American Psychiatric Association. ==Career== Judith Herman is best known for her distinctive contributions to the understanding of trauma and its victims , as set out in her second book, the now classic study of the diagnostic category post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) , ''Trauma and Recovery''.〔John Marzillier, ''To Hell and Back'' (2012) p 302〕 There she distinguishes between single-incident traumas - one-off events - which she termed Type I traumas, and complex or repeated traumas (Type II).〔John Marzillier, ''To Hell and Back'' (2012) p 12 and p 02〕 Type I trauma, according to the United States Veterans Administration's Center for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, "accurately describes the symptoms that result when a person experiences a short-lived psychological trauma. Type II - the concept of complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) - includes "the syndrome that follows upon prolonged, repeated trauma." Although not accepted by DSM-IV as a separate diagnostic category, the notion of complex traumas has been found useful in clinical practice.〔John Marzillier, ''To Hell and Back'' (2012) p. 304〕 Herman equally influentially set out a three-stage sequence of trauma treatment and recovery. The first involved regaining a sense of safety, whether through a therapeutic relationship, medication, relaxation exercises or a combination of all three.〔D. Goleman, ''Emotional Intelligence'' (1996) p. 210-11〕 The second phase involved active work upon the trauma, fostered by that secure base, and employing any of a range of psychological techniques.〔John Marzillier, ''To Hell and Back'' (2012) p. 182〕 The final stage was represented by an advance to a new post-traumatic life,〔D. Goleman, ''Emotional Intelligence'' (1996) p. 213〕 possibly broadened by the experience of surviving the trauma and all it involved.〔John Marzillier, ''To Hell and Back'' (2012) p. 256〕 Herman was interviewed by Harry Kreisler, Executive Director of the Institute of International Studies at the University of California at Berkeley, for his ongoing series ''Conversations with History'' at the Institute of International Studies, UC Berkeley. She is currently working on a study into the effects of the justice system on victims of sexual violence, with a view to discovering a better way for victims of crimes to be allowed to interact with what she perceives as an 'adversarial' system of crime and punishment in the U.S.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://deimos3.apple.com/WebObjects/Core.woa/Feed/wesleyan.edu-dz.6850657988.06850657990 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Judith Lewis Herman」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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